Simple Jetpack Compose Navigation Example

This is part of the Jetpack Compose navigation series:

• Part 1 - Simple Jetpack Compose Navigation Example

• Part 2 - Compose Destinations - Navigation Library

• Part 3 - How to Add Bottom Navigation in Jetpack Compose?

• Part 4 - How to Add Navigation Drawer in Jetpack Compose?

• Part 5 - How to Add Deep Links in Jetpack Compose?

I created this simple app to try out the navigation component in Jetpack Compose. This is how the app looks like.

These are the steps to implement this simple app.

1. Add Navigation Compose Library

In app\build.gradle, add this dependency.

dependencies { 
    implementation "androidx.navigation:navigation-compose:2.5.0-alpha01" 
}

2. Create NavHostController

NavHostController is required to build the navigation graph in the next step which is used to navigate to different screens.

Create this NavHostController using rememberNavController() in your root composable function and pass that into the NavGraph() composable function.

@Composable 
private fun MainScreen() { 
    SimpleNavComposeAppTheme { 
        val navController = rememberNavController() NavGraph(navController) 
    } 
}

3. Build Navigation Graph

The navigation graph looks like this:

• Login Screen -> Home Screen -> Profile Screen

• Login Screen -> Home Screen -> Search Screen

Login screen is the start destination. Home screen takes no navigation argument. Profile screen takes 2 navigation arguments and search screen takes 1 navigation argument.

To build the navigation graph, you use NavHost() composable function and NavGraphBuilder.composable() function to build each composable screen.

fun NavGraph(navController: NavHostController) {
    NavHost(
        navController = navController,
        startDestination = "login"
    ) {
        composable(route = "login") {
            //call LoginScreen composable function here
        }

        composable(route = "home") {
            //call HomeScreen composable function here
        }
        ...
    }
}

To navigate to home screen:

navController.navigate("home")

To pop back current stack:

navController.popBackStack()

To pop up to login screen:

navController.popBackStack(NavRoute.Login.path, inclusive = false)

Navigation With Arguments

navGraphBuilder.composable has 2 parameters - route and arguments. To navigation with argument, we want to update both route and arguments parameters.

This is route format for profile screen. id is the first parameter. showDetails is the second parameter.

route = "profile/{id}/{showDetails}"

The arguments parameter looks like this:

arguments = listOf( 
    navArgument("id") { type = NavType.IntType }, 
    navArgument("showDetails") { type = NavType.BoolType } 
)

You can specify the NavType of the parameter. You can also set the defaultValue to make the argument optional.

...
    navArgument("showDetails") {
        type = NavType.BoolType
        defaultValue = false
    }
...

I personally will avoid using defautValue because it requires your route to follow certain format (i.e. "profile/{id}/?showDetails={showDetails}"). ?showDetails is the optional arguement to allow you specify the defaultValue.

To retrieve the argument value, you use the NavBackStackEntry.arguments:

composable( ... ) { navBackStackEntry ->

    val args = navBackStackEntry.arguments

    // get id param value 
    val id = args?.getInt("id")!!

    // get showDetails param value val 
    showDetails = args?.getBoolean("showDetails")!!

    // call profile screen composable function here ... 
}

This is an example to navigate to profile screen.

val id = 7 val showDetails = true navController.navigate("profile/$id/$showDetails")

Any Route Format Is Fine!

Instead of using this (which I prefer because it is the simplest form):

route = "profile/{id}/{showDetails}"

You can use this (required if you want showDetails to be optional):

route = "profile/{id}/?showDetails={showDetails}"

Or this (required if you want both id and showDetails to be optional):

route = "profile/?id={id}/?showDetails={showDetails}"

But please do NOT use this:

route = "profile/{id}{showDetails}"

Please make sure you at least put a separator (any string) between the navigation parameters. This navigation parameters could be parsed wrongly especially they're same data type.

If you change the route format, you need to update the navigation call too. For example:

val id = 7 val showDetails = true 
navController.navigate("profile/$id/?showDetails=$showDetails")

Too Much Boilerplate Code

You may have noticed, the hard-coded strings are everywhere. One mistake can just crash the app. It is prone to errors.

So what I did is to create this NavRoute class that has all the hard-coded strings there. I also include a utility functions (i.e. withArgs() to build the navigation path and withArgsFormat() to build the route format string.

sealed class NavRoute(val path: String) {

    object Login: NavRoute("login")

    object Home: NavRoute("home")

    object Profile: NavRoute("profile") {
        val id = "id"
        val showDetails = "showDetails"
    }

    object Search: NavRoute("search") {
        val query = "query"
    }

    // build navigation path (for screen navigation)
    fun withArgs(vararg args: String): String {
        return buildString {
            append(path)
            args.forEach{ arg ->
                append("/$arg")
            }
        }
    }

    // build and setup route format (in navigation graph)
    fun withArgsFormat(vararg args: String) : String {
        return buildString {
            append(path)
            args.forEach{ arg ->
                append("/{$arg}")
            }
        }
    }
}

Some usage examples:

// navigate to home 
navController.navigate(NavRoute.Home.path)

// navigate to search 
navController.navigate(NavRoute.Search.withArgs(query))

// setup route for search screen with query param 
route = NavRoute.Search.withArgsFormat(NavRoute.Search.query)

Final Thoughts

I'm not sure my NavRoute approach above is the good one. I'm also not sure if it makes the code unreadable? Maybe a bit? However, it at least can get rid of many hard-coded strings and no more boilerplate code.

There is a Compose Destinations library which removes even more boilerplate code. I think it is better to understand the fundamental first before trying out this library.

Here are the steps to convert this app to use this library:

Source Code

GitHub Repository: Demo_SimpleNavigationCompose